Theodore Roethke free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Use Of Tone Essay, Research Paper Roethke # 8217 ; s Use of Tone Childhood experiences seem to be the 1s that are recollected most vividly throughout a individual # 8217 ; s life. Almost everyone can retrieve some facet of his or her childhood experiences, pleasant and unpleasant alike. Theodore Roethke # 8217 ; s poem # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; suggests even further that this construct could be true. The dance described in this verse form illustrates an interaction between male parent and kid that contains more than the expected joyous, loving attitude between the two characters. Roethke # 8217 ; s tone in this work exhibits the blended, yet powerful emotions that he, as a adult adult male, feels when looking back on this childhood experience. The writer slightly implicates feelings of bitterness fused with a loving trust with his male parent. For illustration, the first two lines of the verse form read: # 8220 ; The whisky on your breath/ Could do a little male child dizzy ; # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Theodore Roethke or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This excerpt appears to put a dark kind of temper for the full remainder of the verse form. By the first two lines, the reader may already see how this adult male feels about his male parent # 8217 ; s inebriation. It seems as if Roethke has preceded his verse form with this factor in order to show the bitterness that he feels toward his male parent. However, the last two lines of the verse form suggest feelings other than bitterness: # 8220 ; Then waltzed me off to bed/ Still cleaving to your shirt # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . By adverting the fact that his male parent put him to bed, Roethke seems to demo fond feelings Bridges 2 involved in this dance. He shows his caring feelings in the last line by utilizing the words # 8220 ; still cleaving # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; Surely, this little male child # 8217 ; s household life has its awful side, but the last line suggests the male child is still cleaving to his male parent with relentless if besides complicated love # 8221 ; ( Kennedy and Gioia 668 ) . Although their dance appears to be # 8220 ; amusing # 8221 ; , Roethke seems to possess # 8220 ; an uneven and ambivalent intimacy # 8221 ; to his seemingly intoxicated male parent ( Balakian 62 ) . Still even more grounds of these assorted feelings is illustrated in the 3rd stanza. # 8220 ; This love dance, a sort of blood rite between male parent and boy, shows suppressed panic combined with awe-inspired dependence # 8221 ; ( Balakian 62 ) . # 8220 ; The manus that held my wrist/was battered on one metacarpophalangeal joint ; / At every measure you missed/ My right ear scraped a buckle # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . The talker # 8217 ; s father # 8217 ; s manus being # 8220 ; battered on one metacarpophalangeal joint # 8221 ; is declarative of a adult male who works difficult with his custodies. This stanza suggests that Papa likely earned a modest life and might hold drunk on a regular footing to get away from world. This stanza besides provides the reader with the feeling of how aggressive this dance may be. Roethke is seemingly mentioning to his male parent # 8217 ; s belt buckle in the last line of the 3rd stanza. During an aggressive act such as this, a little kid wo uld see hurting from such a adult male # 8217 ; s belt buckle # 8220 ; grating # 8221 ; across his ear in this manner, yet the kid choruss from any type of opposition. Possibly this is caused by the kid # 8217 ; s fear that his male parent will go angry, so the kid merely endures the hurting and attempts to bask the minute, for he may besides experience love and attending that he may non have on a regular basis from his male parent. Bridges 3 John J. McKenna offers us farther suggestions about the feelings suggested in this verse form. In McKenna # 8217 ; s article, two of the manuscript manuscripts to # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; are discussed. McKenna implies that the alterations made between these manuscripts are farther grounds that this verse form shows assorted emotions through the tone that Roethke utilizes. These holograph manuscripts are labeled # 8220 ; MS-A # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; MS-B # 8221 ; at the University of Washington where they are contained in the archives. The first of these alterations discussed in McKenna # 8217 ; s article is the gender of the kid in the verse form. He discusses how Roethke seemed to reason with himself about what the sex of the kid should be, but eventually chooses male for a few different grounds. # 8220 ; It seems plausible that he did acknowledge the rough-house nature of this propertyless father’s walk-in. Certainly American society of 1941, the twelvemonth of the poem’s composing, would see this unsmooth drama as more appropriate for a male child than for a miss. By replacing ‘boy’ for ‘girl’ , so, Roethke could maintain the double tone of this dance: a small unsmooth and chilling and a small beloved and loving† ( McKenna 34-35 ) . The alterations shown here are yet another indicant of this adult man’s emotions toward his childhood experience between him and his male parent. McKenna besides discusses a important alteration made in the 3rd stanza of the verse form. This alteration involves the 4th line which reads # 8220 ; My right ear scraped a buckle # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . McKenna discusses how Roethke seemed to reciprocate between the two versions, replacing # 8220 ; forehead # 8221 ; for # 8220 ; right ear # 8221 ; and frailty versa ( 35 ) . # 8220 ; In the revised [ and concluding ] version, so, the talker # 8217 ; s caput is turned to the side, more in the attitude of a kid # 8217 ; s embracing? Therefore, the consequence is positive on the tone because the dance becomes an Bridges 4 informal, ad-lib runaway # 8221 ; ( McKenna 35 ) . This factor makes it clear to the reader that, although this walk-in is unsmooth and violent, there are still some loving feelings between the kid and his male parent. Even more alterations were applied to the 4th stanza of # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; In # 8216 ; MS-A # 8217 ; , the first two lines originally read: # 8216 ; The manus wrapped round my head/ Was harsh from weeds and soil # 8217 ; . Significantly, these two lines depicting the male parent # 8217 ; s manus really touching the son/ girl were greatly revised # 8221 ; ( McKenna 35 ) . These lines were changed to state something about wholly different: # 8220 ; You beat clip on my head/ With a thenar caked hard by soil, / Then waltzed me off to bed/ Still cleaving to your shirt # 8221 ; ( Roethke 668 ) . McKenna notes how Roethke replaced # 8216 ; kept # 8217 ; with # 8216 ; beat # 8217 ; and in making so, # 8220 ; doing the state of affairs more baleful, more negative # 8221 ; ( 35 ) . The 2nd line is besides about wholly different than it appears in the two original manuscripts. The word # 8216 ; palm # 8217 ; appears in the concluding versio n alternatively of # 8216 ; manus # 8217 ; . McKenna mentions this alteration in stating that # 8220 ; the male parent # 8217 ; s thenar is so difficult, albeit from honorable work ; he is a difficult adult male every bit good as a difficult worker. He even plays difficult # 8221 ; ( 35-36 ) . McKenna remarks farther by saying that the alterations in the first two lines of the 4th stanza # 8220 ; personalise the dance between the talker and his male parent. At the same clip, they add an undeniably negative tone with the words # 8216 ; beat # 8217 ; and # 8216 ; palm caked difficult # 8217 ; . In add-on, the three stressed syllables in # 8216 ; palm caked difficult # 8217 ; stress the insistent, invasive power of the male parent over the kid # 8221 ; ( 36 ) . It is apparent through these alterations that Roethke truly wanted to state something in this verse form. All of the different alterations made in the verse form are rather demonstrative of how Bridges 5 powerful his feelings for his male parent must hold been. # 8220 ; ? Roethke tried, through careful alterations to equilibrate negative and positive tones in # 8216 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( McKenna 36 ) . Although the dance between him and his male parent was unsmooth and aggressive, the really fact that Roethke chose to compose about the walk-in indicates that it is a particular minute he remembers sharing with his male parent. The poet has a singular ability to depict the minute and non his feelings. This is what makes # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; so interesting and leaves so much to reading. Bibliography Balakian, Peter. Theodore Roethke # 8217 ; s Far Fields. Baton Rouge: Pelican state State University Press, 1989. Gioia, Dana, A ; Kennedy, X. J. ( Eds. ) . ( 1999 ) . Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 7th Edition. New York, NY: Longman. McKenna, John J. # 8220 ; Roethke # 8217 ; s Revisions and the Tone of # 8216 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8217 ; # 8221 ; . ANQ Spring 1998: v11n2. Online. Galileo. 21 October 1999. Roethke, Theodore. # 8220 ; My Papa # 8217 ; s Waltz # 8221 ; . , Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, And Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th Ed. New York, NY: Longman, 1999. 668.

20 Ways To Be Creative When You Dont Feel Inspired

20 Ways To Be Creative When You Dont Feel Inspired Let’s be honest. We all want to know how to be creative on days that seem completely dreadful and leave  us feeling totally uninspired and stuck. Either the words just aren’t coming or the visual concepts are unreachable. It just seems like any or all of the ideas are at a stand still. But dont worry, it’s normal, it happens- so let’s move on. The real question is, How to  be creative, even on my off days? Let’s look at 20  different ways to bring continual creativity into your life, blogs, and marketing. How To Be Creative When You're  Feeling Drained  And  Uninspired 1. Change Your Environment The very first thing I do when I feel  uninspired  is to change my physical environment. While routine can be a great thing for personal productivity, sometimes it can kill your creative spirit. You  get too used to the way things are and need a change to spark new thoughts and ideas. If that doesn’t work, maybe it's your office space itself. Even the noise levels can influence your creativity. A study from Juliet Zhu found that a moderate noise level provides just enough distraction to encourage creative thought.  Find a  few different spaces that work for you, and change your environment when  needed. 2. Take A Walk Stanford researchers have found that walking improves creativity. On average, creative thinking increases by 60% when there is walking involved. Not only does inspiration form while walking, but then it continues to come even after you return to your desk. 3. Make Something For Play Think back to some of your most creative years in life. Most of us think back to our early elementary years. At the age of five, you're at 80% of our creative potential  as you're inventing all the time. Remember the finger painting, drawing, snowmen building, tree forts, and everything else? The only difference between then and now is that back then you  allowed  yourself  to just play. There was no plan, no set goals, just an idea and the freedom to make whatever you  wanted. Give yourself room to play. Just do it. I promise you won't regret it. 4. Try Something New Lately when I hit a creative road block, I find a new hobby to pursue in order to give my creative thinking a new perspective. For me as a graphic designer, that means playing with watercolors, hand lettering, woodworking, video, and other forms of creative mediums that I wouldn’t consider myself to be a pro at. For you, it might mean writing a short story, cooking a new recipe, or going to a new class on the weekends. Do something new to not only grow your creative background but to give a refreshing break to your usual practice. 5. Take A Trip Maybe it’s not enough to change rooms or even change buildings for that matter. Maybe you just need a trip out of town to be around a new culture. Take a trip with some friends and enjoy your time together. "New sounds, smells, language, tastes, sensations, and sights spark different synapses in the brain," according to a study done by Adam Galinsky. Even new experiences that are totally unrelated to creativity can bring new ideas and perspectives when you return to the office. Designer Stefan Sagmeister closes his studio once every seven years to do just that. 6. Have A Mentor Creative mentors are some of the best mentors. Mentors can range from a friend,  a hero in the industry, or  to  someone else at your workplace. Mentors  are there to listen to the problem at hand and lend their expertise to help you move forward. They can also introduce you to others that might be able to help you, making for awesome new connections and further  expert advice. After all, networking is critical to finding a job you love- and one you could possibly be even more creative in. 7. Read A Book At , we have several team building activities, but one of my favorites is our book club.  Once a week, we get together and go over a chapter in the book that we’re reading through as a team. We discuss anything and everything that we've found interesting. That leads to a great conversation with a variety of topics that often influences our work through actionable steps. Start with this awesome list of creative books. Find a book that’s interesting to you and learn through another’s story. You may even find blog ideas from reading. Find a book that’s interesting learn through another’s story. #Iamreading8. Listen To  A Podcast There’s a podcast for almost anything. Podcasts are great for car rides, but also for a music replacement while you work. Instead of listening to your favorite music stream, check out a podcast that will bring new insight as you work. Recommended Reading from Neil Patel: The 6 Types Of Social Media Content That Will Give You The Greatest Value My current favorite podcast is Design Observer  as Debbie Millman interviews a variety of creatives from all different industries. Look to your professional heroes, and find a podcast or TedTalk that they’ve spoken for. 9. Collect Creative Sites While Pinterest is arguably the world’s largest inspiration site, there are several other places  that may suite your industry best. For designers like me, that’s Dribble or Behance. For you, that might mean TechCrunch, Mashable, or Convince and Convert. Whatever you enjoy, find those key sites that you can bookmark and refer to for creative reminders when you hit your creative road block. 10. Collaborate With Other Awesome People When we  hit a problem, most of us try to solve it ourselves. But sometimes the solution will only be found when you  talk it out with someone else. The answer might be at the tip of your tongue or in the back of your mind, but without speaking through the problem, the solution will be left buried in our internal thoughts. 99u found some awesome facts about collaborating together that can seriously boost your creativity. Find someone nearby, talk it out, and collaborate on finding a solution. 11. Look To History There’s a reason that history is remembered. What once was important or imaginative, might very well be the key to what you need to move forward. Ask yourself: Has someone else created something similar? Have there been similar stories written? Look back at what those before us have accomplished to see if their process can help you with yours. You don't need to reinvent the wheel, you just need to make it better. You don't need to reinvent the wheel, you just need to make it better. #creativity12. Borrow Ideas Let me  repeat, borrow ideas, not copy. As French author Franà §ois-Renà © de Chateaubriand wrote, â€Å"The original writer is not he who refrains from imitating others, but he who can be imitated by none.† Sometimes you just need to start somewhere, look to what you know, and then see how you can make it better. Even Steve Jobs started with the idea of the personal computer from a Xerox prototype and then ran with it. 13. Start An Inspiration File â€Å"Your job is to collect good ideas. The more good ideas you collect, the more you can choose from to be influenced by.† That's what Austin Kleon said in his awesome book, Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You About Being Creative. And it’s true! Collect as many ideas as you possibly can so that you can use them  as a reference later on. This might take shape in a Pinterest Board, Evernote folder, or physical collection of clips and snippets.  But any way you do this,  it's incredibly important to start collecting now. Start now, and watch it grow. Bonus: Use the  Evernote Web Clipper directly with to collect ideas! 14. Sleep On It Salvador Dalà ­ once said, â€Å"All of my best ideas come through my dreams.† Whether to get inspiration from your dreams or to simply take a break and clear you mind, having a good night’s rest can be key to creativity. Believe it or not, we need to have a balanced life outside of work so that when it comes time to think, we’re fully prepared both mentally and physically. Eat well, exercise, and get some sleep. 15. Embrace Constraints Theodor Seuss Geisel, a.k.a. Dr. Seuss, was challenged by his publisher to write a book using only 50 words. Green Eggs and Ham was the result. Today, we can fall into creative fatigue not because there’s not enough choices out there, but because there’s just too many! Try to limit yourself in some shape, way, or form to challenge the way in which you’re thinking. 50 words was quite a limitation for Dr. Seuss, but that very limitation made a masterpiece! New connections will be formed when the clutter of choices is eliminated. New connections will be formed when the clutter of choices is eliminated. #newideas #blogging16. Make Mistakes Not only can you make mistakes, but I’m giving you permission! Please, by all means, make mistakes. If you aren’t taking risks, then you aren’t making mistakes, which means you’ll never reach that new awesome idea that you’ve been waiting for. Do I need to remind you of  all our heroes who  failed before they found their success? Make mistakes, fail, fail fast, and then keep going. 17. Combine Opposites "Creativity is just connecting things,† Steve Jobs said. If connecting familiar ideas isn’t working, try connecting opposite or unrelated ones. This is often the equation comedians use for humor, and if it works for them, why not you? Some of the most successful ad campaigns I’ve ever seen have been made possible by connecting an unrelated emotion or story to the one they’re trying to convey. Opposites can be very powerful, so try them out. 18. Keep An Ideas Notebook Take a notebook with you on your morning commute and start sketching. Fill it with quotes, doodles, a record of what you did that day. Write a story! Let this notebook be your place to play and relax while on your trip to and from work. Athletes use this similar 'warm up and cool down' approach in their daily workouts. To heighten your creativity, treat this notebook like your personal workout. Warm up with sketches on your way to work, and cool down with doodles on your way home. And remember, don't overthink it. Just let your mind wander and play. An idea notebook will really show you how to be creative throughout daily life. 19. Ask New Questions Sometimes, we can hit a creative road block simply because we’re asking the wrong question or not asking any questions at all. When we assume we know how to solve the problem, we ignore the several other possibilities that could be the idea we’re looking for.  Instead of taking the assumed, common approach, start by asking questions and let that direct you to your creative inspiration. Ask new questions to direct your creative inspiration. #creativity20. Do Nothing Austin Kleon believes, â€Å"Creative people need time to just sit around and do nothing.† Yep, that’s right. Take some time to do nothing, nothing at all. Every task at hand needs a break, no matter how great it might be. Relax, enjoy yourself, and come back to it later. Time away might be exactly what you need in order to come back completely restored and inspired. Now You Know  How To Be Creative When The Inspiration Just Isn't Coming There you have it! 20 different ways on how to be creative when you feel absolutely stuck. As Austin Kleon says, â€Å"It takes a lot of energy to be creative.† We need to not only protect our energy, but use it well. Whether it's sketching on your commute, taking a trip with friends, giving yourself permission to play, or doing absolutely nothing- try out different ways to find inspiration and see what works best for you. What works today might not work tomorrow, so keep your creative mind alive and open to new possibilities.

GREGGS Bakers. A Short-term Digital Marketing Communications Plan Essay

GREGGS Bakers. A Short-term Digital Marketing Communications Plan - Essay Example These competencies reflect the company’s corporate values of being enthusiastic, supportive, honest, open, appreciative, fair, considerate and respectful. These values are not only meant for the customers but also for the employees who are an integral part of the company’s successful run. The company’s product portfolio includes: breakfast items, bread and rolls, sweets, savouries, sandwiches, and drinks. About two-thirds of the sales are generated by the company’s sandwiches category (Greggs). GREEGGS Bakers strongly believe in the role they play in the society. In order to support the society and pay back what the business owe to the society the foundation for GREGG Trust, later to be called GREGG Foundation, was laid by Ian Gregg in 1987. Also the company is strongly focused on creating more jobs in the society. In this endeavour the company plans to open 500 more stores and create 6000 new jobs in the economy (Greggs). As GREEGGS Bakers plan to improve their presence on the online market and enhance their online presence, there have been some important reasons identified that are the cause of low traffic and therefore a need for an e-marketing plan has been created. With the trend of online industry growing in the last few years, it has become increasing important for different firms to capitalise on these opportunities in order to remain competitive as well as satisfy customers. In addition to this, there has been an increasing number of customers buying food products online therefore GREEGGS Bakers need to understand this situation and capitalise on this opportunity. Environmental analysis Before coming up with a well thought and effective marketing plan it is first important to analyse the internal and external environment thoroughly (Fill, 2009). This in turn allows the company to come up with more related and successful marketing strategies (Gay, Charlesworth, and Esen, 2007). With reference to the online and digital marketi ng it is important for the organisation to evaluate the different trends and consumers’ preferences in order to build more strong relationships (Peterson, Koch, Grone, and Vo, 2010). There are several factors which should be considered while devising digital marketing strategies for example the security concerns (Flavian & Guinaliu, 2006). The social technologies have transformed the whole marketplace (Li and Bernhoff, 2011) Trends on the Online Marketplace: Internet has changed the whole scenario of the market place (Fox, 2010). It is important to come up with proper internet and online strategy (Porter, 2001). In order to

Article abstract assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article abstract assignments - Essay Example In addition, the author uses the empirical studies to ascertain his conclusion on league variations in terms of competitive balance. Notably, lee identifies the effect of, open and closed leagues, intra-seasonal and inter-seasonal measures, and winning percentages aspects on competitive balance. Lee’s methodologies have successfully proved the parity effects of the 1193. Critical assessment of the author on other research and studies appreciates the effect of the 1993 Collective Bargain Agreement for its contributions towards a competitive balance. National football league commitments have led to inter-frachise balance. Although a number of factors are related to competitive balance, CBA triggered an increase in competitive balance. Lee’s review distinguish the different levels of competitive balance in the leagues The author explains the different aspects and factors affecting variations in performance and competitive balance, but used probability analysis in some parts instead of facts. However, there are drawbacks of the report by lee. One of the drawbacks is that the empirical method used arbitrary teams, which might have distorted the overall results owing to the fact that different teams differ in terms of rules and regulation not included on the review. Second, the author should have incorporated and compared other Football league associations to come into concise conclusions regarding competitive balance in NFL aster the 1993

Art Of Dissolving Boundaries English Literature Essay

Art Of Dissolving Boundaries English Literature Essay The art of dissolving boundaries is what living is all about. 1 Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, an Indian immigrant woman writer anticipates through her writing to dissolve boundaries among people of different backgrounds, communities, ages and even different world. She spent 19 years of her life in India and learned all the costumes and traditions of her own, thus, she knows her motherland very well. But her migration from one country to another made her comprehend about the feeling of dislocation and homelessness. She felt the adjustments to get shifted from one place, which is your own homeland or roots. Before she became a writer, Chitra Divakaruni was only a simple young woman in a novel country, far away from her own country. She was excited at the prospect studying in America, but forlorn missing her family in Kolkata and the traditions of her culture. For her, it has been such a great attempt just to make it to the U.S. because her very traditional family didnt understand why she would want to leave her home. Ultimately, she was able to convince her family to let her go. In 1976 when she came to the U.S., she went through some incidents and realized the gap between the East and the West. Once while walking down on a Chicago street with some relatives she was horrified when a few white teenagers shouted nigger and hurled sludge at her. This incident deeply shamed that she didnt want to discuss even. But somehow it stayed in her mind and acted as the spur kick her to start writing and then one evening, her five-year-old son Abhay came back from school and tried hard to wash off t he dirt color of his skin. Through these episodes she realized that still there is the sense of other and this made her interest to start writing about her own experience of immigration, which are the same for the many other immigrant women. She identified that people still behave them as alien. Divakaruni said in one of her interviews that, It was a big adjustment, moving from a big city like Calcutta to Dayton, Ohio, which, at that time, didnt have many Indians and was not cosmopolitan; I felt a real sense of being other. People were so startled to see an Indian person in Indian Clothesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. I think all people come to a new country with preconceived notions, so there was an adjustment on both sides. 2 It arouses several views to think about once own identity and roots. The question Where are you from? put her in a shock that people even didnt know about them. It would be really a challenge to get settled in a country where all their lives or their appearance would proclaim them Foreigners. Moving to the United States really made me renegotiate my boundaries and in some ways, even reinvent myself as a woman, says Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni 3. For her, writing is the only way to fight for her self-identity. Before her migration she never thought to be a writer, but later on she felt that whatever feeling she had that was also the same for many-many other immigrant women and she wanted to share it with her readers. That understanding taught Divakaruni that she had stories to tell- stories that could get people together and disclose the common humanity in everyone. The totally new experiences or environment turned her into a writer. She spotted a light on it by saying, In some ways, I think that immigration made me into a writer, because it gave me a subject to write about. When I lived in India, I was so immersed in the culture that I didnt really think about it. But when I moved halfway across the world, I began to think a lot about what it meant for me to be Indian, and also how immigration changes us. 4 Thats why all the way through her skills she wants to write about the life of immigrant women and their problems of dislocation or cultural clash. By showing her own culture the author would like to remove the gap between the two different communities. She believes that situations, conditions, circumstances or destiny are the same everywhere only the implication and reactions are different. The main theme of Divakarunis work is immigrant conflict and acquired values vs. adopted one. There are so many challenges if someone is writing about two distinct worlds. She says, Its okay to be an Indian person who loves Indian culture but now Im an American citizen and committed to making life in this country better. We need to remain secure in our own identity but participate fully in the culture, politics and daily life of America. The important part of integration is that you dont give up, you share. For me as a writer, a major challenge is to keep my finger on the pulse of both worlds. That means talking to people on both continents, observing them, learning what is changing with them and what remains the same. This also means that Im writing for audiences that are very different. This is difficult, especially as I refuse to explicate culture. 5 Divakaruni has studied both Eastern and Western literature. She likes to bring the two together in her writing. She feels this is the only way to enrich both traditions. She recognized that different readers will take different things from her works. She really likes that her books have different kinds of readers or observers. She would want South Asian or South Asian American audience, who will read the books and think about the issues in their communities and lives. She hopes that her readers will see that though we come from different places, what we have in common is humanity. She conveys her great desire that people may eventually come together and make a better world. This chapter will provide an introduction to Divakarunis essential theme. She writes to unite people by dissolving boundaries among them. She is a bridge-builder between these two different cultures, one is her own motherland India and another is where she is living United States. May be both these communities are different in their traditions, customs and lifestyle but feeling, emotions and sensibility are the same. Yet, over the course of 15 books, her motivation remained clear her books are a bridge of words, an attempt to take a reader to understand both themselves and those they might have labeled other 6. So, being an award-winning poet and author, Divakaruni senses a lot about her early days in America. As a creative writing professor at the University of Houston, she makes an effort to use her knowledge to help out worldwide students to feel comfortable in their new environment. Thus, such understanding of her life directed her to write, first poetry, and then fiction. The author also writes about family, domestic violence, emotional abuse, cultural alienation, and human trafficking. Thus, we can analyze how Chitra Benerjee Divakaruni promotes healthy family relationships. She recognizes the positive aspects of traditional culture or values and its places in family and community. Like her fiction her life walks in a careful line between the two worlds. Six months ago, she shifted to Houston with her husband and two sons from the Bay Area to Texas, where she teaches at the University of Houston. Like the characters in her books, she sometimes finds herself struggling to keep in equilibrium the demands of family and career, tradition and modernity. According to her the solution is to combine the best parts of both but she also knows that it is not always easy. Its really a juggling act. Some days, its clear what the best aspects are, some days its not, Divakaruni said with a warm chuckle 7. The author talked about the boundaries between the two East and West plus the two different cultures and the differences among the psychology of the human being. She wants to get rid of the gap between her adopted land and motherland. She has experienced both of these worlds very well and realized that each has its own positive and negative aspects. India has valuable traditions, enrich culture or ethics and on the other side the U.S.A. has modernity, freedom plus lots of exposure in every field. Her writing relates to her homeland and culture of origin; it shows the powerful relations to the culture of the native soil. She tried to give knowledge to her readers about her origin or identity as well as the experience of her new home, thus, she wants to be an Indian-American. Divakaruni shared her views in one of her articles Indian Born in the U.S.A. that, In my dark kitchen I bow my head to pray for strength for India, facing, on her 50th anniversary of freedom, the severe challenges of poverty and illiteracy and communal violence. And for us all, children of the Indian Diaspora, here on the other side of the world, who have our own challenges. I pray that we may be able to preserve the values weve gained from our past: love of family, of traditions, of spirituality and the simple life. That we may combine them with what weve learned in our new home: energy and enterprise and how to fight for our rights. This, perhaps, is the best legacy we can leave our children: The art of being Indian American. 8 Aug 21, 1997. Hence, the act of migration implies a bodily shifting out of the familiar place and relocation in the new and unfamiliar land. It was due to the colonial impact and its after effect which created uprooted and dislocation of identity. Edward Saids Orientalism (1978) enlarged the range of the post colonial approach by revealing the Eurocentric Universalism which establishes Western superiority over the East, recognized as the other. In other World (1987) by Gayatri Spivak, Nation and Narration (1990) by Homi Bhaba, The Empire Writes Back (1989) by Bill Ashcroft, Culture and Imperialism (1993) by Edward W. Said and such other works accelerated the study of colonialism and its effect on other cultures. They all are stuffs of Western education and living outside from their native environment. They can imagine a pre-colonial at best; mythological motherland in Africa or Asia to articulate or end up expressing a cross identity. Therefore, the native speaker of English language shifted to th e foreign land and tried to create their self-identity, culture, and individuality in an alien atmosphere. All those hardships and obstacles which they have faced provide them a new mindset. All these experiences are well dealt in Diaspora literature. This concept of Diaspora often focused on a forced displacement along with centered on negative experiences in terms of unfriendliness, disaffection, loss, and persecution. Even as their ancestral deficiency is an overpoweringly negative concept, the idea of the Jewish Diaspora describes a community whos socioeconomic, cultural, ancestral and political networks across boundaries of states, and protect a common shared identity. Although transformed by the influence of nearby cultures; for many the dream of return to the homeland provided a fundamental principle of identity. Thus, Central to the concept of Diaspora is the image of a journey; however, not all journeys can be understood as the Diaspora. Diasporic journeys are not the same as casual travel; they are about setting down and putting roots elsewhere (Brah, 1996) crossing geographical and mental borders. These discussions of the Diaspora are inevitably bound up with the notion of borders and territories the arbitrary lines of social, cultural and psychic demarcation. 9 The migration experience does not finish with the point of settlement or agreement; it is handed down through the age groups, consciously or unconsciously making its role to the way in which those Diasporas bargain their existence through societies in which they and their culture is in the minority. Being in Diaspora means living in a cross-cultural circumstance, one in which fusion, change, and expansion are predictable. Those alerts of the complexities of this recognize the notice to redefine their identity and the requirement to discover a medium through which to articulate their progress. In their process of defining and redefining their individuality and the struggle this involves, South Asian women in Britain have had to tackle the combined issues of gender and society. Most of all, Diaspora is understood as transcontinental the socio-cultural collection reminiscence of diasporic people is a community having its ties to a homeland, which establishes the false appearance of an ideal past. Emigrants inhabit their communal imagined homeland, which has its location in another place and time. A longing and affection for the discarded homeland is the driving force, which hypotheses an image of the lost country. Divakarunis depiction of her inherited home has, is committed to region in part, her otherwise lost Indian personality. Her accounts are derived from a memory blurred by the distance of time and space. A settler or immigrant are distanced by space and time, as they no longer reside in their country of ancestry and the inhabitance of language and culture of the birthplace is removed from their daily lives. To synthetically recreate the milieu of the lost motherland is flowed due to wistful and false memories, which are created in part to endure a sense of identity and maintain a link to the disconnected motherland. Currently there are almost 20,000,000 people of South Asian origin living outside of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, with the majority in Africa, the U.S., the Caribbean, and Oceania 10. Although there are regional differences in their adaptations in many ways, still tried to display a common Indian identity. They may want their children to flourish in their adopted countries, but at the same time they may wish them to accept Indian family values, share their common culture, and get married to other Indians. In other words, many Diasporas living over as tend to reproduce their Indian culture, language, values, and religion as much as possible. People are getting migrated to other countries because of so many reasons; it could be education, business, residential, and so on. Many writers have also migrated to the West and have been producing a large mass of literature in English which is a powerful organ to voice their emigrant sensibility and migrant experience in the West. The inactive social or cultural hostilities, feeling of isolation from their roots and thereafter a steady search for attaching and assimilating these ancestries in the Western surroundings constitute the center themes in their works. Themes of homelessness, migration, loss of identity, exile, culture clash, cultural assimilation, and rootlessness are often discerned in their works with remarkable similarities. The dilemma of these immigrant writers in a multi-cultural circumstance often get combined with their personal suffering due to bias or a sense of rootlessnesss, if they are rejected by their host countries. Indian Americans writers have made their presence felt in American culture, society, business, and even politics. These writers are writing about common people, identity, a feeling of uprooted, immigrant experience, East-West relations, and life in the United States or the Indian Diaspora. Indian American writing broke new earth from the 1970s and so on. With the relation of immigration laws, Indians migrated to the United States in large number. One consequence of this has been a propagation of women writers. They got the right exposure may be because of the modernity and free atmosphere of the foreign countries. In large American cities, one can easily find their books. Their readership has widened, with many women who are reading novels and short stories in order to learn about their own communities. Indian American women authors wrote about the experiences of immigrant life, which became the reading materials for thousands of immigrants. As it is evidence in the works of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. She has studied both Eastern and Western literature, thus, she likes to bring the two together in her writing; she feels it is a way to enrich both these traditions. Divakarunis books, which are set in both Indian and American, A feature Indian born woman torn between Old and New world values. She gives laser-like sight and skilled use of story, plot, and lyrical description to give readers a many layered look at her characters and their respective worlds, which are filled with fear, hope, and discovery. 11 Most of her work is partially autobiographical and based on the lives of Indian immigrants which she has dealt with. She writes to help people and unite them by breaking down old stereotypes. Divakaruni skillfully expresses the experience or familiarity of South Asians in America. She says that her books are somewhat based on practice plus social observation. But Divakaruni endeavors to interlace such observation with the factor of magic, myth, and ancient culture alongside contemporary culture. She tries to bring a sense of the daily realities of immigrant life and ancient culture together. But she also insists that she doesnt write for a specific spectator in mind. She explains in a soft, gentle tone of voice that, I like to stay close to the story, think about the story, stay close to the characters. I find it distracts me if I begin to think of audience while Im writing 12. Therefore, it shows that she is still attached to her own motherland while adopting another one very well. She only explains her adjustments and conflicts during her journey to the U.S. from India. Divakaruni accepts that both sides have the same problems and circumstances only the way of looking towards those situations are little different. Somehow she realized the frontiers between these two worlds and strived to remove them. Chitra Banerjee has an empathetically personal and boldly imaginative style of storytelling that draws readers into the lives of people across cultures, particularly the lives of Indian and Indian American women. Thus, she has an unusual ability to breakdown different kinds of boundaries, e.g. those between the East/West, prose/poetry, magic/realism, past/present, and native/immigrant. She was able to do all such through the dramatic style and social content of her work. If we look through the geographical point of view there are boundaries or gaps between the East and the West countries, but its all about our psychology only. If we glance it positively and treat all of them as a human being, then there is no boundary as such. No doubt that there is a difference between the culture, lifestyle, atmosphere, customs, and dressing sense; but it doesnt mean that their sensibility is also different. The author tried to show it in the course of her characters that they are able to adopt the new rules of a new country after a lot of adjustments. Divakaruni wants to explain whether they got shift to another country but they have never sensed any boundary between their motherland and foreign-land. They are still attached towards their own roots and homeland. While they have adopted the lifestyle along with the customs of their new home but by some way they still feel the attraction towards their own tradition. Thus, she makes it clear that shifting to another culture or land doesnt mean to leave something; its all about to adopt another home. By her writing Divakaruni illustrates that how difficult it is to remove the border line between East/West and maintain the gap between these two different cultures. Divakaruni brings together wide critical applaud with the publication of her first collection of short stories Arranged Marriage (1995), which pays attention on women who came from India and caught between two worlds. That book also went on to American Book Award in 1996. Many characters in Arranged Marriage deals with this rapid transform in worldview, at once exciting and also horrifying. They have to build a sense of the new condition, which begins to convert them as women. Even it begins to transform their relations with the people in their family like their parents, who are usually back in India and their husbands, who are with them in the novel country. There are kids also who are now born in the new milieu, still wedged between two cultures, so far with an entirely different worldview. Well this is also an awfully chief theme in her another story collection The Lives of Strangers (2001), with movements back and forth between the two worlds. Divakarunis more than 15 books address the stories about to the understanding of women or immigrants in a new nation. Though she said her books are not autobiographical, but many of her characters contribute to similar apprehensions. She is concerned with how we make a new home for ourselves in a place that is so far away and so unlike from our home culture. The author also said that, she is concerned about how we as immigrants change the places in which we find ourselves. She is very much interested in the ways womens roles have changed as we move into different cultures. Eventually, Divakaruni expects that her words will challenge readers to think about what it means to be an immigrant and about larger issues such as family and home. She further says that, What I hope people get out of my books is that it will encourage them to think about important issues. I also hope that they see that although we come from many different places, what we have in common is the humanity we want the same things, we desire the same things. I hope my books will dissolve boundaries and bring people together. 13 Therefore, in her writing Divakaruni keeps on to be stimulated by her students at the University of Houston, many of them are immigrants themselves. In her time at UH, Divakaruni has been pleased to see the increasing variety among faculties, particularly at the highest level with President Renu Khator, who is also from India. Divakaruni talks about the strength of Renu that, Her having come from a different background and really having overcome many difficulties in her own personal background makes her an inspiring role model. She can also understand the struggles of some of our students who maybe come from different backgrounds where they havent been given the kind of support they need for college success. 14 Through her writing Chitra Banerjee wants to share all her experiences and also wish to unite the East/West by telling the stories of different characters. In her novel Sister of my heart (1999), Divakaruni presented two different characters Anju and Sudha, who were born at the same time. They both grew up together in the guardianship of their mothers in India. After marriage Anju went to America with her husband and on the other side Sudha lives in India with her in-laws. Author figured out Anju as a young woman in a new country, far away from home as well as from the sister of her heart Sudha. Anju tries to adjust in a new atmosphere with the past memories of her family and culture. There was no family support for her and she had to do everything by her own. She says while living alone in her new apartment, I dont like walking into the empty apartment. Theres something about the air unpeopled and stagnant, as though its from the bottom of a well that dried up a long time ago that makes me uncomfortable. Thats when the longing for the house of my childhood shakes me the most. How irritated I used to be at the constant commotion milkmen, vegetable sellers, Ramur Ma shouting at the neighbors cat whod snuck into the kitchen, Pishi calling me to go for my bath. Now Id be glad to see even the teatime aunties!15 Thus, through both of these protagonists the author wants to show two different lives in different cultures. Anjus life is entirely different from Sudhas. There is a gap between both of them, but this is physically only not mentally. Distance didnt change anything much between the relationships of these two sisters, after all they are sisters of the heart. They used to keep their connection through phone calls or letters as well as share each and every experience or growth of their life in different surroundings. By showing the life of these two sisters the writers aim is to remove the gap between the East and the West. She also gave us an idea about the contrast between the two different cultures Western culture splendidly as well as Indian. Anju presents her positive attitude and advantage of American customs. She says, Unlike some of the other Indian husbands I know, Sunil has always encouraged me to feel comfortable in America. He taught me to drive and introduced me to his colleagues at work. He bought me jeans and hiking boots, and when I said, Go for it! Hes taken me to malls and plays and dance clubs and the ocean. And finally though money is short, he has been enthusiastic about my going to college to get a degree in literature. 16 By showing the contrast, Divakaruni gave a picture of her motherland plus her current home (America). Thus in her book Sister of my Heart, she discussed the relationship between the older generation of India, who lives in a world full of mystical tales and magical occurrences plus Anju and Sudhas generation which is more drawn to western ideals. She believes that her readers must know about each others culture. If we put a glance on her other works like Mistress of Spices (1997), Queen of Dreams (2004), and Vine of Desire (2002); we will feel the same sensibility among the protagonists. They all are trying to get adjust and make their life better in the new and free atmosphere of the United States, keeping their past in their heart or memories. In her novel The Vine of Desire, the same story runs between the two sisters. Anju was living in America with her husband and now Sudha also joined them with her little daughter Dayita. Now Sudha is also trying to enjoy the new place and learn new things. Sudha turns on the T.V. Anju has told her she must, it will help her to understand Americans. So she watches a weather report that states theres a 70 percent chance of rain; a commercial for paper towels that features a giant male, a dirty floor, and a tiny, agitated woman; and then return of a game show. 17 They all are living far away from India and somehow they have adopted the new culture but still India is alive in their memories as their motherland. Thus, by heart they never go far away from it. Sudha is pretending to be happy, so once Anju asked her disappointedly, Do you miss India? 18. The whole setting of this novel is in America, but we also get a glimpse of India through the inner feelings of the characters. We can know about the different lifestyle of America, their way of thinking, rules, choices, and culture. Sudha also understands that, All the rules are different in America, and she knows none of them yet 19. The author made an effort to explain us about the reason that why people are getting attract towards the foreign culture; its all because of their free rules and open mentality. Thats the technique of the writer to break down the barrier among different continents. She not even presented the combination of east/west but also blends past and present together in her novels very well. It is to be sure that the element of secrecy or mystery is an integral part of Divakarunis work. She skillfully conveys her experiences of South Asian in America. She said that her books are partially based on the experience of social observation. But the author strives to weave such observations with the element of magic, myth, and ancient culture beside contemporary culture. She tries to bring those belongings together- the daily realities of immigrant life and a sense of ancient culture. She does so in her novel Queen of the Dreams that combines the story of a dream-teller mother and her young Indian-American daughter with the event of September 11, 2001. In her novel Queen of Dream, Rakhis mother is a dream teller, born with the ability to interpret and share the dreams of others. Her work is to foresee and direct them through their fates. This gift of vision fascinates Rakhi but she is totally separated from her mothers past in India and the dream world which she inhabits. She puts an effort for something to bring them closer. Rakhi was totally caught beneath the burden of her own painful secret; her comfort comes in the discovery after her mothers death through her dream journals, which began to open the long closed door to her past. Thus, the whole story wonderfully deals with the concept of past and present. It gives us the sense of a new America as well as the sense of traditional India. Via this novel we also get a glance of dream world and real world, there is a fine combination of both of them. Thus, This story of an emotionally distant mother and a daughter trying to find herself transcends cultural boundaries. Queen of Dreams combines the elements that Divakaruni is known for, the Indian American experience and magical realism, in a fresh mix. The tale succeeds on two levels. She effectively takes the reader into an immigrant culture but she also shows the common ground that lies in a world that some would find foreign. The search for identity and a sense of emotional completion is not confined to small corners of the world. It is a dilemma that all readers can understand. (Denver Post) 20 Divakarunis another novel The Mistress of Spicesis unique in its style. It is written with a combination of prose and poetry, thus this book has a very mystical quality to it. She wrote this novel in a spirit of play to collapse the divisions between the timeless one of myth or magic and the realistic world of twentieth century America. Its her attempt to create a modern fable. The novel follows Tilo, a magical figure who owns a grocery store and uses spices to help the customers and overcomes their difficulties. She also develops dilemmas of her own when she falls in love with a non-Indian. This creates great conflicts, as she has to choose whether to serve her people or to follow the path leading to her own happiness. Tilo has to decide which part of her heritage she will keep and which parts she will choose to abandon. The writer has well succeeded in her aim to remove gap between east/west, magic/realism and past/present in her novels which are discussed as above. In her article Dissolving Boundaries, she shared her experience which made her a new turn towards the theme of dissolving boundaries. She shared her feelings in it, It was Memorial Day. I waved good-bye to my two year old son and his grandma as my husband pulled our car out of the driveway, tires squealing. Ill be back in a few days, I called out to my son, with a brand new baby brother for you. As our car speed onto the freeway, I tried to reassure my nervous husband, telling him the pains werent too bad, and that everyone said the second time around was much easier. I had no premonitions at all. I didnt know that a normal delivery would not be possible for me. That the ensuing Caesarean surgery would go wrong in every way. That I would end up having to remain in the hospital for over a month, unable to take care of my newborn. I didnt know that I would balance precariously for weeks on the frail and perilous boundary between living and dying.21 That was really a tough time for her. She went through no dark tunnel, saw no bright lights. She did not rise out her body even. That encounter with death affected her deeply, though not in ways one might expect. She got the sense of life and death. But that time she felt a strange, dizzy sense of emptiness, of peace, in the way Buddhists use the term. She felt as though she drifted between states of death and life, and that it didnt matter which side she landed on. Because the boundary which we humans had drawn between these two states was not as irrevocable, nor as important, as we believed. She committed, I mused a lot about boundaries as I lay in bed recovering over the next few months, learning to live again. And it seemed t

Law Schools :: essays research papers

The Beginning of Law Schools and The Study of Law   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Up to the middle of the last century, the more popular method of legal instruction in America was the training of young law students in the office of a judge or practicing attorney. Even today a large number of lawyers in the United States receive their training somewhat in the same manner. In order to be admitted into the practice of law, one must pass a bar examination. This exam is conducted by a court or board acting under judicial direction. The knowledge needed to study for and pass the exam can be found wherever the candidate thinks they can find it. The oldest law school in America was of Judge Reeve in Litchfield, Connecticut, established in 1784. For several decades’ law students received their training through lectures and instruction by Judge Reeve and his assistants, whom were practicing lawyers. This oldest American law school was a private institution. After some time there was a rise in competitors, and law courses were introduced in connection with existing colleges. Among the new schools was Harvard College, whose first professorship of law dates from 1816, but the school did not attain its position of great and rapidly increasing significance for the development of legal instruction till 1830 (Gillers 20). In the beginning, the older American law schools were referred to as lecture schools. The “Blackstone’s Commentaries';, which were used for instruction earlier, formed the sole basis of work for these lecture schools. Through the lecture method a new style of teaching came about. It was called the text-book method. The main concept of this method was for the students to study and memorize the literature in the books and recite it to the instructor. In this method most of the students class time was occupied by mechanical testing of their knowledge and quizzing them during special hours (23). The two methods of instruction-lecture method and text-book method- were always present in newer schools and very effective. Even today in the United States these methods are used with a lot of improvements and added detail. During the early 1870’s a man by the name of Christopher Columbus Langdell created a new method of instruction for English law. Langdell was a New York city lawyer, he was appointed dean of Harvard law school in 1875. Langdell wanted to revise the curriculum of the school.

Jimmi black dog

In the novel, The Chant Of Jimmie Blacksmith conflict is an ever present factor and although much of this conflict is negative, Generally has incorporated positive outcomes to some of this conflict in this story. This fictional recount of true events show us the social, interpersonal, inner and racial conflict between and within the whites and the indigenous people of Australia In the 19005. When Jimmie Blacksmith marries a white woman, the backlash from both Jimmies community and the white society he inhabits, sets of a chain of tragic, violent events. As Jimmie tries to make his way In a world that deplores him.These forms of conflict present us with some positive outcomes which will be explaining today. Jell blacksmith was a half caste aboriginal who had a lot of white culture brought up In him, this contrast of black and white culture had made Jell think hard over the years of what he really wanted In his life. This life that Jell had been living since he was only a teenager gave him absorptions of wanting to be white. Not only did his upbringing make him want to be white but the way his people were treated made him want to be more than just a stupid black fell.From the beginning social and racial conflict is present ND is present throughout the whole book, despite this conflict being negative at the time there are positive outcomes from it. In relation to this novel social and racial conflict is present in Remember the titans, a movie about a group of teenagers who want to join the school football team, but do not wish to play with people of the opposite color. These boys overcome their race issues and unite as a team, not worried about the color of each player.Racial conflict is the basis of this movie and as in Jimmie blacksmith racial conflict is the most common form of conflict in the novel. Hill Jimmie is an aboriginal and he can't change that he still tries to. Jimmies first positive outcome of racial conflict is when he realizes he doesn't want to s it around and become an alcoholic like the rest of his people. So Jimmie tries to find honest work in hopes of becoming more white. This self awareness that Jimmie acquires shows him that his people are drunks and that he will soon follow this path if he sits around following what everyone around him does.In the movie remember the titans, the head coach who is black is having trouble living in his own house just for being black. He is hated upon from the white community because they feel has come in and taken over and has no right to do so, but the black community feel as if they have won a battle of the war between races. When Jimmie leaves his black community and tries to get Jobs all around, he Is rejected by Just about everyone just because he is black, but when one man hires him he Is Impressed with his work and comes to realize that he In actual fact Is a good worker.This Is a triumph for Jimmie therefore being a positive outcome of racial and social conflict, this makes Jell want to push further to reach his â€Å"white† aspirations. Much Like In the movie member the titans the coach Is sinned upon when he Is seen through the town but when he begins leading the football team to countless victories, the towns people begin to love him and they begin to realize his color does not affect his coaching In any way.When Jimmie Is Is hung In the end of the novel this shows a positive outcome because no more killing can be conjured at the hands of Jimmie blacksmith, outcome for the white people knowing that there has been Justice. These example I have given show some of the main positive outcomes of conflict in the book, although there are some more these are the ones I feel showed this the best.